軽井沢・直江津鉄道と新潟

ROUTE 32. THE KARUIZAWA-NAOETSU RAILWAY AND NIIGATA. UEDA TO MATSUMOTO AND SHIMASHIMA. TEMPLE OF ZENKOJI. EXCURSIONS FROM NAGANO: BURANDO YAKUSHI, TOGAKUSHI-SAN AND KEN-NO-MINE, IZUNA-SAN. LAKE NOJIRI AND ASCENT OF MYOKO-ZAN. GOCHI. LAND AND SEA WAYS FROM NAOETSU TO NIIGATA. THE ISLAND OF SADO. Karuizawa-Naoetsu Railway. Distances from Karuizawa: Karuizawa (Tokyo to Karuizawa, see Route 13); 8 m. Miyoda; 13 1/2 m. Komoro; 19 1/2 m. Tanaka; 24 3/4 m. Ueda (branch roads to the Nakasendo and to Matsumoto); 31 1/4 m. Sakaki; 37 1/4 m. Yashiro; 40 1/2 m. Shinonoe; 46 m. Nagano; 52 3/4 m. Toyono (road to Kusatsu over the Shibu-toge); 57 3/4 m. Mure; 64 m. Kashiwabara (alight for Lake Nojiri); 69 1/2 m.

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Taguchi (alight for ascent of Myoko-zan); 73 3/4 m. Sekiyama; 81 1/2 m. Arai; 87 3/4 m. Takata; 92 m. Naoetsu. This line, starting from an elevation of 3,080 ft. at Karuizawa, descends to the sea-coast at Naoetsu, and is on the whole the most picturesque railway route in Japan. The following description of the line, as far as Nagano, is partly abridged from an article in the 'Japan Mail.' The first five or six miles are over a fairly level plain. But the conditions are changed when the southern slope of Asama-yama has to be rounded. Here lies a water-shed whence flow large rivers north and south, towards the Sea of Japan and the Pacific respectively.

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All the drainage of the great mountain pours down through deep gullies into the channel of one or other of these rivers. The soil, a loosely packed volcanic ash and gravel of light colour, is easily scooped away, and large chasms are left whose sides the highway descends and ascends in zigzags. Throughout most of this section, the traveller looks down from a giddy height on rice-fields far below. From the point near Oiwake, where the Nakasendo is left behind, to Komoro opportunities are afforded of seeing to advantage the Iwamurata plain backed by the imposing range of Yatsu-ga-take.

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Asama-yama has a less smiling aspect on this side; the flat top of the cone lengthens out, the pinky brown colour of the sides assumes a blackish hue, and chasms rough with indurated lava break the regularity of the slopes. Before Komoro is reached, a long volcanic ridge, dominating the valley of the river Chikuma as far as Ueda, reveals the fact that Asama is not an isolated cone, but the last and highest of a range of mountains. A former crater which has discharged itself into this valley and is now extinct, displays a row of black jagged rocks in the hollow between Asama and the next peak of the range, a striking feature as seen from Komoro. Komoro (Inn, Tsuru-ya) is a busy commercial centre.

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Formerly the seat of a Daimyo, it has turned its picturesque castle-grounds overhanging the river into a public garden. Saddlery, vehicles, and tools for the surrounding district are manufactured here.

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From Komoro to Ueda, the railway runs down the valley of the Chikuma-gawa, whose S. bank is here formed by a series of magnificent bluffs, in many places descending sheer into the water. A few miles above Ueda, the valley opens out into a circular plain of which that town is the centre. Ueda (Inns, Kame-ya, Shishi-ya) possesses few attractions. White and other silks of a durable nature, but wanting in gloss and finish, are the principal products of the district. It is specially noted for a stout striped silk fabric called Ueda-jima. The Nakasendo may be joined at Nagakubo by a jinrikisha road from Ueda, distance about 11 1/2 ri.

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A carriage road also turns off about the middle of the town by the Hofukuji-toge to Matsumoto, whence a jinrikisha road leads to Shimashima at the foot of the Hida range of mountains. Itinerary from Ueda: Matsumoto, 11 ri 25 cho, 28 1/2 m.; Shimashima, 5 ri, 12 1/4 m.; total, 16 ri 25 cho, 40 3/4 m. The average time taken by carriage to Matsumoto is 6 hrs. At the top of the hill just before descending into the town, one of the finest mountain views in Japan is obtained. The whole Hida range spreads out before the spectator, Yari-ga-take being specially conspicuous. In the foreground are well-wooded hills, and in the distance the river winds like a silver thread.

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Matsumoto (Inns, *Shinano-ya, Kome-ya) is one of the most important towns in Shinshu, being the centre of commerce between the S. part of this province and the province of Echigo. Some of the best silk in Japan is produced here. Its other principal manufactures are a kind of cotton cloth called shibori, candied fruit, and baskets and boxes of bamboo work. Matsumoto became a castle-town early in the 16th century, and was the seat of a Daimyo called Matsudaira Tamba-no-Kami. The greater part of the castle is still preserved. It is only 5 min. from the inns, and should be visited if only for the view of the Hida range and the Matsumoto plain which is obtained from the top storey.

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The chief sights of Matsumoto are the Shinto temple of Hachiman and the Buddhist temple of Shogyoji. Thirty cho from Matsumoto, at the vill. of Asama, are some hot-springs much resorted to by the townsfolk. Shimashima (Inn by Okuhara Jinzo). This is the best place from which to ascend Yari-ga-take (see Route 34, Section 8). Just across the stream lies the village of Hashiba, where there is a small inn called Shimizu-ya perched above the torrent. The old castle of Ueda, of which one watch-tower still remains intact, stands on the river bank beyond the town, and forms a striking feature in the landscape as the train leaves the station.

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The exit from the amphitheatre of hills enclosing Ueda is narrow and hidden from view. Just before the line turns into it, a curious bluff with a cave in its face is noticeable on the other side of the river. At Yashiro a road branches off to the important town of Matsushiro and down the r. bank of the Chikuma-gawa to Niigata. Before reaching Nagano, both the Chikuma-gawa and the Saigawa are crossed.

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The head-waters of the latter are near Lake Suwa. It flows past Matsumoto, joining the Chikuma-gawa a short distance to the S.E. of Nagano, and forming with this larger stream the great Shinano-gawa which enters the sea at Niigata. One of the spans in the Saigawa viaduct is 200 ft. in length. Nagano or Zenkoji (Inns, *Ogiya, *Fuji-ya, with branches at the station; Fuji-ya has rooms fitted up in foreign style at its establishment near the temples; the Japanese Club called Tosan-kwan, which has a room of 144 mats, commands a fine view of the town and plain) is the capital of the prefecture of Nagano, which comprises the whole province of Shinshu.

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It is beautifully situated at the foot of lofty mountains, which form an imposing background and almost surround it. A considerable trade is done in woven goods and agricultural implements. Numerous fine buildings in foreign style, and the crowds of pilgrims thronging the streets, give the town an air of exceptional prosperity. The Buddhist temple of Zenkoji is one of the most celebrated in Japan. It is dedicated to Amida and his two followers, Kwannon and Daiseishi (the latter a Bosatsu belonging to the retinue of Amida), a group of whose images is here enshrined. This sacred group is said to have been made by Shaka Muni himself out of gold found on Mount Shumi, the centre of the Universe.

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After various vicissitudes in China and Korea, it was brought to Japan in A.D. 552, as a present from the King of Korea to the Mikado on the first introduction of Buddhism into Japan. All the efforts of the Japanese enemies of Buddhism to make away with the image were in vain. Thrown into rivers, hacked at, burnt, it survived all and finally found a resting-place at Zenkoji in A.D. 602. The building l. of the entrance is the residence of an abbess of high rank and a sisterhood of nuns. Rows of shops for the sale of rosaries and pictures of the triple image line the court. Behind the shops are the houses of the priests, each in its own neatly arranged garden.

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At the end of this court is the chief gateway, with images of Monju and the Shi Tenno, which are exhibited only on New Year's day. The Main Temple, erected in 1701, is a two-storied building 198 ft. in depth by 108 ft. in width, with a huge three-gabled roof, so that the ridge is T-shaped. This form is called shumoku-zukuri, from its resemblance to the shumoku, a wooden hammer with which the Buddhists strike the small bell used by them in their religious services. The roof is supported by 136 pillars, and there are said to be 69,384 rafters, the same number as that of the written characters contained in the Chinese version of the Buddhist scriptures.

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At the entrance two beautiful new marble lamps, about 6 ft. in height, deserve inspection. The sacred golden group, standing in a chapel on the W. side, is kept in a shrine dating from A.D. 1369, shrouded by a gorgeous brocade curtain. For a small fee, the curtain is raised so as to show the outermost of the seven boxes in which the image is enclosed. A space of 88 mats (about 1,600 sq. ft.) is set apart for the worshippers. On the E. side of the main hall is an entrance to a dark gallery which runs round below the floor of the chancel (naijin), issuing again by the same door. To complete this circuit (kaidan-mawari) thrice is considered highly meritorious.

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More than 200 bronze and stone lanterns crowd the space in front of the main hall. The principal festivals are the Dai Nembutsu, or Great Invocation of Buddha, held on the 31st July, those held at the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, and one on the 14th March.

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The earthquake of 1847 occurred about 10 o'clock at night, and threw down most of the houses in the town. Fires broke out simultaneously in many quarters, and in the space of two days burnt the whole place to the ground, with the exception of the main temple, the two-storied gatehouse, library, and bell-tower.

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A more serious calamity still followed shortly afterwards; for the Saigawa, which had been blocked near Shimmachi by the fall of a large mass of earth from the hill-sides, burst through the obstruction on the 27th, and the pent-up waters spread like a deluge over the level valley, overwhelming many villages and drowning by thousands the peasants who, regardless of warnings from the authorities, had returned to till the fields. About 15,000 acres of rice-fields and other arable land were devastated by the flood, and the number of those who perished on these two occasions was estimated at nearly 30,000. On the r. of the temple enclosure is the Public Garden which commands a good view of the valley.

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Excursions from Nagano. 1. Burando Yakushi, 1 ri N.E. of the town, a shrine dedicated to the Buddhist god of medicine, is perched high above the path in a large tree growing out of the rock. Close by are some petroleum springs. 2. Togakushi-san and Ken-no-mine. Five ri from Zenkoji is the temple of Togakushi-san, whither the god Tajikara-o-no-Mikoto is said to have hurled the rocky door of the cavern in which the Sun-Goddess had hidden herself from her subjects in heaven and earth. The road, which is passable for jinrikishas drawn by two men, leaves the town on the l. side of the temple, and ascends a narrow ravine to the hamlet of Arayasu in about 3/4 hr.

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Then winding over low hills and ascending for 3/4 hr. more, it issues on to a moor which encircles the base of Izuna-san. In 3/4 hr. more, a torii is reached at the highest point of the moor. The path then descends for over a mile to a point where it divides, the r. branch proceeding direct to the Chu-in, the l. reaching the Hoko-in after 12 cho more. The latter temple, situated at the top of a long flight of steps lined with old cryptomerias, is a large building decorated with wood carvings of considerable merit. From this point to the Chu-in is a walk of 12 cho through the wood. Those who intend to climb Ken-no-mine, the highest point of the mountain behind Togakushi, will do best to pass the night here.

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The priest will provide good accommodation. The road to the Oku-no-in (30 cho) is pretty level the whole way, except during the last few hundred yards. The priest's house commands a fine view, including the summits of Fuji and Asama. Half-way between the bridge and the red gateway on the road to the Oku-no-in, a path branches off r. under a wooden torii to Ken-no-mine. A walk of about 3 ri leads to the summit, below which is a hut where pilgrims pass the night, in order to rise early and witness sunrise from the peak whence Amida is supposed to be visible riding on a cloud of many colours. Snow lies on the mountain until late in summer, and the ascent is not usually attempted before the beginning of July. 3.

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Izuna-san, or Iizuna-san, as the name is also pronounced, may be ascended either from Arayasu or from the Chu-in; but the latter is preferable, as the climb from Arayasu is steep. From the Chu-in, the summit is easily gained in 1 1/2 hr. by walking up a long spur. The view is very extensive in every direction. The traveller may return either to Arayasu by descending the steep path on the opposite side, easily perceived from the mountain top, or strike away to the l. by a path leading across the moor to Ofuruma on the Hokkoku Kaido, and close to Kashiwabara station, a 3 hrs. walk. The railway from Nagano continues along the plain as far as Toyono.

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Here it enters a narrow valley, which it follows up until Kashiwabara is reached.

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Kashiwabara is reached at a height of 2,204 ft. At Toyono a road leads over the Shibu-toge to Kusatsu (see p. 149). A fine view is obtained of Izuna on the l. as Kashiwabara is approached. This section of the line traverses a region where the snow-fall is especially heavy, and where it occasionally accumulates to a depth of over 10 ft. In the winter of 1890-91 the traffic was entirely stopped during several weeks. The traveller with time to spare should alight here to visit the beautiful little lake called Nojiri-ko, 2 1/2 m. distant.

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As the accommodation at the vill. of Nojiri is very poor, it will be well to arrange one's plans so as to catch a train at Taguchi, the next station, or to proceed to the hamlet of Akakura, situated on the side of Myoko-zan and noted for its hot-springs. Akakura is also the point from which the ascent of Myoko-zan is most easily made. Kashiwabara station lies some distance from the miserable vill. of the same name. The walk from the latter is through a pleasant oak wood, whence the road descends slightly to Nojiri (Inn, Katsura-ya), picturesquely situated on the shores of the lake which is surrounded by low hills covered with thickets.

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On a densely wooded islet, approached by a bridge about 1/4 m. in length, is a temple called Uga-no-Jinja. In front of the temple stand two magnificent cedars, one of which measures 27 ft. in circumference. The view of the giant masses of Izuna, Kurohime, and Myoko-zan, as seen from the island, is exceptionally fine. This romantic little spot is only prevented from becoming a favourite summer resort by its remote situation and the want of decent inns. Good bathing may be had in the lake, and the roads in the neighbourhood are all that one could desire. The lake sometimes freezes at the end of January, when the ice becomes passable for men and horses.

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Its waters find an outlet into the Sekigawa, which, flowing from sources on Togakushi-san and Yakeyama, falls into the sea at Naoetsu in Echigo. From Nojiri to Akakura is a walk of 2 hrs. But jinrikishas may be taken to the vill. of Tagiri on the main road, whence, turning sharp l. over the lower grassy slopes of Myoko-zan, it is a distance of 23 cho to the baths. Leaving Nojiri, the road descends to the small town of Sekigawa, named after the river and situated at the junction of two picturesque wooded glens, where the torrent rushes under the branches of trees overhanging it on either side. This river, the Sekigawa, here forms the boundary between the provinces of Echigo and Shinshu.

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A short distance beyond the town of Sekigawa, a road branches off r. to Taguchi station, the nearest point on the line of railway for Akakura. Akakura is a favourite resort of the inhabitants of Takata and other places on the plain during a part of August and September. It possesses an excellent inn, the Kogaku-ro, boasting a gigantic bath, which is supplied with hot water brought in pipes from sources 2 ri further up the mountain. This inn is closed during the winter months. The other inns are of an inferior description.

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From the hamlet nothing obstructs the glorious prospect of the rich plain extending down to Naoetsu on the Sea of Japan, and of the island of Sado on the dim horizon. About 3 ri off, between Kurohime and Myoko-zan, is a large waterfall called Nae no taki. As already indicated, Akakura is the most convenient point from which to make the ascent of Myoko-zan (8,180 ft.). This mountain is not free from snow until July, but may be climbed with safety in June by any one properly equipped for ascending and descending the snow-slopes.

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The necessary appliances consist of a stout alpenstock and hob-nailed boots, or, instead of the latter, waraji (straw-sandals), under which must be fastened metal points called kana-kanjiki. A guide should be engaged, and instead of ascending by the pilgrim's path, which is extremely steep and overgrown with tall bamboo grass, the path to the solfatara under Akakura-yama should be taken. This also lies through the same sort of cane-brake, but has the advantage of rising very gently and of being shorter than the other.

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From the solfatara, where two springs of very high temperature gush forth, a steep gully, filled in early June with snow, has to be ascended, and the main path is entered at a point where it is no longer difficult or steep. One or two snow-slopes are crossed, and a rocky precipice scaled, to which iron chains have been fixed in order to enable the mountaineer to pass along the narrow ledges, no more than 2 inches wide, which here serve as a path. It is at such places that the superiority of the waraji and kanjiki over nailed boots, which afford no sure foothold on rocks, becomes evident.

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Above the last snow-slope very little remains to be done, and the track which ascends the crumbling rock of the summit by natural steps is perfectly safe, though somewhat steep. Myoko-zan is part of an extinct volcano. The mountains immediately surrounding it are the long semi-circular ridge called Myoko-zan-no-Urayama, or the 'Hind-part of Myoko-zan,' on the S.E., and Kanna-yama on the N. Other solfataras, besides that mentioned, are found on the mountain. Hares, which turn white during the winter, abound; bears and sheep-faced antelope are also occasionally caught. Water is found at the very summit, on which is a small wooden chapel dedicated to Amida. The view to the S.E. includes Asama and Fuji.

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Directly S. rises Kurohime with its two peaks, between which is seen the top of Izuna-san. Ken-no-mine bears about S.S.W., and the round-topped mountain bearing W.N.W. is Yakeyama, reputed to be an extinct volcano. To the N.E., the view lies over the plain of Echigo to the Sea of Japan and the Island of Sado. Not less than 7 hrs. should be allowed for the ascent and descent, the latter being steep and slippery in many places. The mountain is much frequented by pilgrims during the season, especially on the 23rd night of the 6th moon, old calendar, when they ascend in great numbers by torchlight from the villages on the surrounding plains, but do not pass through Akakura.

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From Akakura a path descends through Futamata (26 cho) to Sekiyama, 1 1/2 ri. The path to Taguchi station is shorter, but the difference has to be made up by rail.

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There is a falling gradient of about 600 ft. in the 4 1/2 m. traversed between Taguchi and Sekiyama (Inn, Ogi-ya). The ascent of Myoko-zan may also be made from here, but it involves a longer walk over the moor than from Akakura. The gradient is still heavy until Arai is reached, where the country becomes flatter. Arai is a flourishing town noted for tobacco, pueraria starch (kuzu), and petroleum, which last is obtained from springs in the neighbourhood. Here is first seen the custom peculiar to most of the towns in Echigo, of covered ways along the house-fronts, for use when the snow lies deep in the streets.

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Takata (Inn, Koyo-kwan) is a large place, formerly the castle-town of a Daimyo named Sakakibara, one of the four families who enjoyed the privilege of providing a regent during the minority of a Shogun. The town is traversed by a long street, which bends repeatedly at right angles. Cotton-weaving is extensively carried on. The Hokkoku Kaido branches off l. near here to the provinces of Kaga, Echizen, etc. (see Route 33). Naoetsu (Inns, Matsuba-kwan, Yamazaki-ya), situated at the mouth of the Sekigawa, is a port of call for steamers to Niigata, Fushiki, and other places on the West Coast. It is also at present the terminus of the railway which will ultimately reach Niigata, about 74 m. distant.

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This line, opening up one of the richest provinces of Japan, is no less important for strategical reasons. It will practically bring Niigata within one day of the capital. Tunnels are to be cut at several places on the coast between Hassaki and Kashiwazaki. Naoetsu produces a jelly called awa-ame, made from millet, and appreciated by both Japanese and Europeans. About 1 ri to the S. of Naoetsu lies the vill. of Gochi (Inn, Shimizu-ya), a favourite resort during the hot weather, where several good tea-houses have been built on the cliffs overlooking the sea. Excellent bathing may be had on the long stretch of sandy beach immediately below.

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The traveller wishing to reach Niigata has a variety of routes to choose from. The easiest way is to go direct by steamer which leaves Naoetsu daily from April to November, calling at Kashiwazaki, Izumosaki, and Teradomari. The whole distance by sea is 34 ri, and is accomplished in 9 hrs. The distance by land is a trifle less, leading for the greater part along either the sandy beach or a ridge of sand-hills. The whole of this coast as far as Teradomari (Inn, Oshiki-ya), is inhabited by a population of hardy fishermen; and the sea yields sea-bream (tai), plaice (karei), and a kind of brill (hirame), in large quantities and of great size.

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The fish caught here are considered much superior in flavour to those taken off the coast of Etchu further West. The women are strong and capable of the hardest toil. They usually perform the labour of porters, and even drag carts. Muslin made of hemp, and called Echigo chijimi, is woven in the neighbouring villages, and generally dyed indigo colour with a faint pattern in white. The Japanese esteem it highly as material for summer clothing.

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The journey may also be divided between the sea, the road, and the river by leaving the steamer at Kashiwazaki (Inn, Tenkyo), 10 ri from Naoetsu, where a road branches off to Nagaoka (Inn, Masu-ya), 7 ri, from which place, and calling at Sanjo (Inn, Chochin-ya), the river steamers take 5 or 6 hrs. to Niigata.

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Or, continuing the sea route to Izumosaki (Inn, Kakinoki-ya), a shorter land journey may be made to Yoita (Inn, Shiojin), 3 ri, where also the river is reached, and from which Niigata is about 14 ri distance by steamer. The itinerary by road for the whole distance is as follows.

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Naoetsu to: Kuroi, 35 cho, 2 1/4 m.; Katamachi, 1 ri 29 cho, 4 1/2 m.; Kakizaki, 2 ri 33 cho, 7 m.; Hassaki, 1 ri 24 cho, 4 m.; Aomigawa, 2 ri 27 cho, 6 3/4 m.; Kashiwazaki, 1 ri 34 cho, 4 3/4 m.; Arahama, 1 ri 18 cho, 3 3/4 m.; Shiiya, 2 ri, 5 m.; Izumosaki, 2 ri 29 cho, 6 3/4 m.; Yamada, 1 ri 23 cho, 4 m.; Teradomari, 1 ri 22 cho, 4 m.; Yahiko, 3 ri 7 cho, 7 3/4 m.; Takenomachi, 2 ri 9 cho, 5 1/2 m.; Akatsuka, 1 ri 22 cho, 4 m.; Uchino, 1 ri 23 cho, 4 m.; Niigata, 3 ri 19 cho, 8 1/2 m.; total, 33 ri 30 cho, 82 1/2 m.

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Niigata (Hotel by Miola called Restaurant International; Inns, Yoshi-kwan, Kushisei), capital of the prefecture of the same name, is situated on a narrow, sandy strip of land between the Shinano-gawa and the sea. Niigata was opened to foreign trade in 1869; but the commercial expectations formed with regard to it have not been fulfilled, and the only foreigners now residing there are a few missionaries. Owing to the bar at the mouth of the river, vessels of foreign build cannot enter the port, but are compelled to anchor in the roadstead outside.

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A supplementary port in the Island of Sado, called Ebisu-Minato, is open to foreign vessels to take refuge in when the direction of the prevailing wind renders it dangerous to anchor off Niigata; but trade is not permitted there. The climate of Niigata is very trying, hot in summer and terribly cold in winter, snow falling to a depth of 2 or 3 ft., and lying for a considerable time. The town, which covers an area of rather more than 1 sq. mile, consists of five parallel streets intersected by other streets and canals. A line of low sand-hills shuts out all view of the sea.

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The houses are built with their gable ends towards the street, and the roofs are prolonged beyond the walls in order to prevent the snow from blocking up the windows. A great quantity of coarse lacquer ware is manufactured at Niigata, and articles of a peculiar pattern called mokusa-nuri, or 'sea-weed lacquer,' are brought for sale from the district of Aizu where they are produced. In the neighbourhood of the city, Echigo chijimi is manufactured from hemp. From the small public garden surrounding the Shinto temple of Haku-san, there is a fine prospect of the river and of the lofty range of mountains some 10 ri distant to the E.

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The chief excursion in the neighbourhood is to the kerosene wells of Niitsu, about 5 ri distant. Travellers intending to proceed north from Niigata, are advised to take steamer to Sakata, Funakawa, or Hakodate; or else they may follow Route 28 to Tsuru-ga-oka, whence across country to Sendai on the Northern Railway.

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Island of Sado. The Island of Sado, which lies 32 miles W. of Niigata, can be reached by small steamer from the latter place in about 5 hrs. Steamers run daily from May to October; for the rest of the year the sailings are irregular. Sado forms part of the prefecture of Niigata, has a population of 111,000, and is principally noted for its gold and silver mines situated close to the town of Aikawa. These mines have been worked from the earliest times. During the middle ages, Sado was used as a place of exile for political criminals. Among those who were relegated to its inhospitable shore, was the Buddhist saint, Nichiren.

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The island is very hilly, consisting of two groups of mountains, separated by a cultivated plain. The principal formation is limestone. Aikawa (Inn, Takada-ya), though it has a population of 13,000, is a poor-looking place. Ebisu (Inn by Ito Seiemon), where passengers from Niigata generally land, is a large but wretched vill., situated on a narrow strip of beach between the sea and a lagoon. The distance from Ebisu to Aikawa is 6 ri 29 cho (16 1/2 m.).

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