日本語語彙集

GLOSSARY OF JAPANESE WORDS. Ai, a species of trout—the Salmo altivalis. Ai-no-ma, see p. 23. Aka-hara, a fresh-water fish. Ama-do, rain-doors, such as in Japan do duty for walls at night. Ama-inu, see p. 24. Ame, a sweet, glutinous substance prepared from rice or millet. Ana, a hole, a crater, a tunnel. Asemi, a flowering shrub—the Andromeda japonica. Basha, a carriage. Bashi (for hashi in compounds), a bridge. Bettō, a groom. Bonji, the Sanskrit or Pāli written character. Bonten, Brahma. Bosatsu, see p. 28. Bu, the tenth part of a Japanese inch (see p. 6). Bugaku, an ancient pantomimic dance. Bunko, a library, a box for books. Buyu, a species of sand-fly. Chadai, tea-money (see p. 7).

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Cha-no-yu, the tea ceremonies. Chaya, a tea-house (see p. 8). Chigi, see p. 24. Chijimi, crape. Chō, a measure of distance (see pp. 5-6), a street. Chōzu-bachi, a wash-hand basin, a cistern. Dai, a stand, a table. Dai, big, great. Daibutsu, a colossal image of a Buddha. Daidokoro, a kitchen. Daigaku, a university, an academy.

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Daimon, the great gate of a Buddhist temple. Daishi, a great Buddhist abbot or saint. Darani, a mystic Buddhist formula or incantation. Dō, a hall, one of a set of temple buildings. Dōri (for tōri in compounds), a street. Ema-dō, a hall hung with ex-votos. Fude, a Japanese pen. Fusuma, sliding-screens covered with paper. Futon, a bed-quilt. Ga, of. Gakkō, a school. Gawa (for kawa in compounds), a river, a stream. Gedan, the lower and less honourable portion of certain grand apartments. Gejin, the outer chamber or nave of a Buddhist temple. Gin, silver. Go, an honorific prefix. Go, a measure of capacity (see pp. 6, 115). Gohei, the emblems in a Shintō temple of the ancient offerings of cloth; they are now usually strips of white paper. Gokō, a halo, a glory round the head of a saint. Goma-dō, a temple for the recital of prayers while a fire of clean wood is burnt. Gongen, see p. 29. Gorōjū, the Council of State under the Tokugawa Shōgunate. Gwaikokujin, a foreigner.

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Gwaimushō, the Foreign Office. Hak-kei, eight views (see p. 318). Hakubutsu-kwan, a museum. Hama, the sea-shore. Hara, a moor. Harakiri, suicide performed by ripping up the abdomen. Hashi, a bridge. Hashira, a pillar. Hashiri, a glissade. Hatago, see p. 7. Hatamoto, a vassal of the Shōgun having a fief assessed at less than 10,000 koku. Heiden, a building for the reception of gohei. Higashi, east. Hinoki, the Chamaecyparis obtusa—a conifer whose wood is used in the construction of Shintō temples and palaces. Hiragana, the running hand form of the Japanese Kana, or syllabary. Hiru-ne, a siesta. Honden, see Honsha. Hondō, the principal building of a Buddhist monastery. Hongwanji, see p. 45.

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Honjin, a tea-house formerly used by a Daimyō. Hontō, true, real. Honsha, the main shrine of a Shintō temple—sometimes rendered “chapel.” Honzon, the principal deity or image of a Buddhist temple. Hōtō, a Buddhist reliquary or treasure-house. Hōzō, the treasure-house of a temple. Ichi, a fair. Ichō, the name of a tree whose leaves turn gold in autumn—the Salisburia adiantifolia, also called Gingko biloba. In, a seal, a symbol. Ishi, a stone. Ita-gaki, see p. 24. Iwa, a rock. Iwana, a fresh-water fish. Iwaya, a cavern. Ji (at end of temple names), a Buddhist temple.

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Jigoku, hell. Jiki-dō, see p. 27. Jimusho, a business office. Jinja, a Shintō temple. Jinrikisha, a small light vehicle drawn by one or two men. Jōdan, the raised and therefore more honorable portion of certain grand apartments. Kaeru-mata (lit. frog’s thighs), pieces of timber shaped like the section of an inverted cup, supporting a horizontal beam. Kago, a kind of small palanquin. Kago-watashi, a basket slung to ropes and used instead of a bridge for crossing a river. Kagura, a Shintō pantomimic dance; Kagura-dō, a stage for the performance of this dance. Kaidō, a highway. Kaisan, opening up a mountain, hence founding a temple; kaisan-dō, a temple dedicated to its founder. Kakemono, a hanging scroll—generally painted. Kama, a cauldron. Kanjiki, snow-shoes. Kami, above, upper.

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Kami, a Shintō god or goddess. Kamo-aoi, the name of a plant—the asarum, whose leaf is the crest of the Tokugawa family. Kana, the Japanese syllabary. Kane, money; long measure (see p. 6). Kannushi, a Shintō priest. Kara-mon, a gate in the Chinese style. Katsuogi, see p. 24. Kawa, a river. Ken, a measure of length (see p. 5). Kenchō, the head office of a prefecture. Keishichō, a police bureau. Keyaki, a tree whose very hard wood is much prized—the Zelkowa keaki. Ki, a tree. Kiji-mono, mosaic wood-work. Kin, gold. Kin, a pound (weight); see p. 6. Kirin, a unicorn.

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Kita, north. Koban, an ancient gold coin of oval shape. Kōenchi, a public garden or park. Koku, the standard measure of capacity (see p. 6). Incomes were formerly estimated in koku of rice. Koma-inu, see p. 24. Kondō, lit. the “golden hall”—often one of the handsomest buildings of a Buddhist monastery. Kongō-kai, the name of one half of the universe according to Buddhist mythology. Kotsu-dō, a temple containing the ashes of a deceased saint. Ku, a district in a city. Kujira, a whale; cloth measure (see p. 6). Kunaishō, the Imperial Household Department. Kuruma, a jinrikisha. Kusu-no-ki, a camphor-tree.

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Kuzu, the Pueraria thunbergiana—a plant from which a kind of arrowroot is made. Kwai, a society, an association. Kwairō, a gallery. Kwaisha, a company, a society. Kwan, a hall, an edifice. Kwan, the legal unit of weight (see p. 6). Kwankōba, an industrial bazaar. Kyakuden, a reception room. Kyōdai, brothers. Kyoryūchi, a foreign “concession,” that part of a Japanese city in which foreigners are permitted to reside. Kyōzō, a library of Buddhist scriptures. Ma, a room. Machi, a street, a town. Makimono, a scroll. Mandara, a Buddhist picture—generally on a large scale and depicting one half of the mythological universe. Mannen-bashi, see p. 132. Masakaki, see sakaki. Massha, see p. 24. Masu, a salmon-trout (Salmo japonicus).

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Matsu, a pine-tree. Matsuri, a religious festival. Megane, spectacles, an eye-glass. Mi-harashi, a prospect, a view down and over. Mikoto, see p. 31. Minami, south. Mino, a straw rain-coat such as is used by peasants. Mino-gami, a stout variety of Japanese paper, such as is used for the illustrations of temples in pp. 23 and 26. Mokusei, the Olea fragrans—a tree having small highly scented flowers of a reddish yellow colour. Momme, a standard of weight (see p. 6). Mon, a gate. Monzeki, a temple of the Monto sect, same as a Hongwanji; see also p. 294. Mushi-boshi, a general airing. Muyō, not wanted, must not. Nada, a stretch of sea. Naijin, the inner chamber or chancel of a Buddhist temple. Naka, middle, inside. Nashiji, aventurine lacquer. Nehanzō, see p. 32. Nembutsu, a prayer to Buddha. Netsuke, see p. 13. Ningyō, a doll, a small figure. Nippon, Japan. Nishi, west.

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No, of. Nō, a species of lyric drama—the only theatrical performance much patronised by the Japanese nobility. Norimono, a palanquin. Nure-botoke, a Buddhist image standing in the open air. Nuri, lacquering. O, an honorific prefix. Ō, big (in compound words). Ōban, an ancient gold coin—large and oval in shape. Oka, a hillock, a mound. Oku-no-in, the holy of holies, the innermost or furthest of a set of temple buildings; it often stands on a hill.

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On, an honorific prefix. Onna-zaka, see pp. 62, 73. Ori, woven stuff. Otoko-zaka, see pp. 62, 73. Rakan, see p. 31. Ramma, ventilating panels near the ceiling of a room; they are often beautifully carved. Reiya, a mausoleum. Renge, a lotus-flower. Ri, a Japanese league (see p. 5-6). Rikyū, a summer palace. Rin, a copper coin worth the tenth part of a cent. Rinzō, a revolving library meant to contain the Buddhist scriptures; see p. 87. Ryōbu-Shintō, a hybrid religion formed by a mixture of Shintō with Buddhism. Ryū, a dragon. Ryūji or ryū, a school, a manner—as of art. Sakaki, the Cleyera japonica—the sacred tree of the Shintōists. Sakate, a tip, a pourboire.

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Sake, rice-beer, hence alcoholic liquors generally. Sama, Lord, Mr., Mrs., Miss. Sammon, the large two-storied gate at the entrance to the grounds of a Buddhist temple. Sampan, a shore boat. Samurai, a two-sworded man, a nobleman’s retainer. San, Mr., Mrs., Miss. San (in compounds), a mountain. San-jū-rok-ka-sen, see p. 80. San-kei, the three great sights of Japan, viz. Matsushima, Ama-no-Hashidate, and Miyajima. Saru, a monkey. Seki, a barrier, an octroi. Sen, a cent. Seto-mono, crockery; see p. 242. Shake, a salmon. Shaku, a foot (measure); see p. 6. Shakudō, an alloy of copper and gold. Shakujō, a staff with metal rings used by Buddhist priests.

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Shamusho, the office at which the business of a Shintō temple is transacted. Shibu-ichi, an alloy of copper and silver. Shima, an island. Shimo, beneath, lower. Shindō, a new road. Shinsenjo, a place for offerings in a Shintō temple. Shira-ito, white thread—a name often given to waterfalls. Shiro, a castle. Shō, a measure of capacity (see pp. 6, 115). Shōgun, see pp. 34, 47. Shoin, an apartment, a drawing-room. Shōji, a sliding paper door which serves as a window. Shokubutsu-en, a botanical garden. Shōrō, a belfry. Soshi-dō, a chapel dedicated to the founder of a sect. Shū, a sect. Sonchō, the mayor of a village. Shuku, an abode, a post-town. Shumi-dan, the altar of a Buddhist temple.

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Shumi-sen, a fabulous mountain which is the centre of the Buddhist universe. Sōmen, vermicelli. Sotoba, see p. 71. Sugi, a cryptomeria. Suimon, a water-gate. Suji-kabe, see p. 46. Sun, a Japanese inch (see p. 6). Tahōtō, a reliquary in the shape of a pagoda. Tai, a kind of sea-bream—the Serranus marginalis. Taizō-kai, the name of one half of the universe according to the Buddhist mythology. Taki, a waterfall. Tama-gaki, see p. 24. Tani, a valley. Tanjō, birth. Teikoku, an empire. Tempō, an oblong brass coin having a hole in the middle and worth eight-tenths of a sen. Tengu, a long-nosed goblin. Tennō, the Mikado. Tera, a Buddhist temple. Tō, a measure of capacity (see p. 6).

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Tōge, a pass over mountains. Tokkō, see p. 30. Tokonoma, an alcove. Torii, a Shintō gateway (see p. 24). Tōrō, a stationary lamp or lantern—e.g. of stone. Tsubo, the unit of land measure (see p. 6). Tsumugi, spun-silk cloth. Tsuri-bashi, see p. 128. Yama, a mountain, a hill. Yanagi-gōri, see p. 11. Yasha, a Buddhist demon. Yashiki, a mansion. Yashiro, a Shintō temple.

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Ukiyo-e, a picture representing popular life. Ura, back, behind. Ura, a stretch of coast. Waraji, a straw sandal used only for heavy walking. Yadoya, an inn, a hotel. Yakusho, a government office. Yatsu-mune-zukuri, having many gables—said of a roof. Yen, a Japanese dollar. Yūsen, a mail steamer. Zan (for san in compounds), a mountain, a hill. Zashiki, a room, an apartment.

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